Public policy and farmers managements of the tree and the forest: sustainable alliance or dupes dialog? (POPULAR)

Location

- In Morocco, we are interested in a local management of forest and rangeland resources (Agdal) that persisted despite domanialisation forest and restricting farmers use, comparing some cases affected by policies sustainable Development (High Atlas) and "caught" in this dialectic between recovery (Argan oil) and conservation (reserve UNESCO- MAB) cases (argan)
 
 - In France exists, throughout the country, a "rural forest" that has evolved in the context of the combined forest law and the modernization of agriculture. We chose four cases:
 +  A trivial forest in terms of policies or sustainable development issues (small fragmented private forest slopes of Biscay) ;
 +  A situation of agricultural abandonment: the Languedoc scrubland, with local experiences appreciation, on behalf of a more sustainable, ancient practices forestry truffle that face traditional forestry policies ;
 +  A planted forest (chestnut) taken in various dynamic renovation in the name of sustainable development, but which faces dynamic local political leadership and technical treatment ;
 +  An example of multifunctional management of a tree outside the forest with long co-evolved with the agricultural system in which it is inserted and now subject to a conservation policy for landscape and biodiversity conservation (the ash in the central Pyrenees) .
 
 - In Cameroon, on forest land owned by the state but operated and managed by local people, policies of sustainable development (conservation, decentralization , devolution ), oppose land use policies that we analyze in terms of village forests in the south (formal vs. community forests . nonformal forests).
 
 - In India, the Western Ghats, are present "private" agroforestry systems, managed by the Forest Service and sacred forests managed by the forest communities. The Union government declares objectives of biodiversity conservation and participatory management. Worn by the great ideas of sustainable development, public policies interfere differentially o management of forests and tree farmers and communities. What are the terms of interactions between these policies and the traditional knowledge and practices, and what impact these policies have on practices, landscape and tree biodiversity?